Evolutionary ethics, aggression, and violence: lessons from primate research.

نویسنده

  • Frans B de Waal
چکیده

T his p;iper is unusual tbr this journal Ix'cau.se most readers elo not deal protessionally with animals, Infonnaiion fix)m primatology, however, is relevant to consideration of violent e Ix-tween people. I will fiHus tnaitily on ;iggre.ssion and peacemaking among nonhuman primates, but will addre.ss related topics as well. I do not use the term Mggression' to reter onlvto violent behavior but to any overt contlict between iixiividiials. Although I am a protes,sor of psycholog\\ I am a biologist by training. When I was a student many years ago. the major scholarly work on this topic was Konrad Lorenz's On .•yiif.ire.'isioii.' It .set into motion contemporan' research on aggression fiom a biological perspective by milking the controversial claim that aggression is an in.stinct not only in animals, bui also in human Ix-ings, My own research ;incl that of others sugge.sts a slightly ditterc-nt view, namely, th;it aggression between indiviciuals is a iast a-sort when conflict resolution faiis. Lorenzs utxlerst:iixlingof a.L^grc-ssion as a drive—aggression accunuilates within us and eventuallv must come out—is no longer a dominant view; rather aggtession is now generally taken U} Ix:in option I'ather iluin ;i cirive.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Natural born killers: The genetic origins of extreme violence

a r t i c l e i n f o The current article examines the influence of genetics and evolution on acts of extreme and criminal violence among human primates. Moderate aggression can function to increase an organism's reproductive success; extreme violence can place the organism at unnecessary risk. Genetic polymorphisms that have been linked to extreme acts of violence are reviewed as is research e...

متن کامل

Animal Violence Demystified

Violence has been observed in humans and animals alike, indicating its evolutionary/biological significance. However, violence in animals has often been confounded with functional forms of aggressive behavior. Currently, violence in animals is identified primarily as either a quantitative behavior (an escalated, pathological and abnormal form of aggression characterized primarily by short attac...

متن کامل

Faculty Experiences with Bullying in Higher Education Causes, Consequences, and Management

Although much research has been done on workplace aggression and bullying over the past two decades, academics have paid relatively little attention to bullying in their own institutions. In this article, we discuss what is currently known about bullying in academia, with a particular focus on faculty behavior, and apply empirical and conceptual findings from research on aggression and bullying...

متن کامل

Assessment of Violence and Aggression in Psychiatric Settings: Descriptive Approaches

Today aggression and violence pose a major problem for public health and criminal justice systems. Aggression usually cause harm and injuries to either self, others or environment. Despite its noteworthy prevalence and serious consequences, methodological problems and difficulties derived from the innate nature of the pathology hampers research on violence and aggression. However, much has been...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:
  • The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics

دوره 32 1  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2004